Ku bola i xin’wana xa swilo swa nkoka swinene leswi vangakavalveonhaka. Hikwalaho, ekavalvensirhelelo, valve anti-corrosion i mhaka ya nkoka ku yi tekela enhlokweni.
Valvexivumbeko xa ku bola
Ku bola ka tinsimbi swi vangiwa ngopfu hi ku bola ka tikhemikhali na ku bola ka tikhemikhali ta gezi, naswona ku bola ka swilo leswi nga riki swa nsimbi hi ntolovelo swi vangiwa hi swiendlo swo kongoma swa tikhemikhali na swa miri.
1. Ku bola ka tikhemikhali
Ehansi ka xiyimo xa leswaku kungari na current leyi endliwaka, medium leyi rhendzeleke yi endla reaction hiku kongoma na nsimbi naswona yiyi herisa, kufana na ku bola ka nsimbi hi gasi yo oma ya mahiselo yale henhla na non-electrolytic solution.
2. Ku bola ka galvanic
Nsimbi leyi yi hlangana na electrolyte, leswi endlaka leswaku ku khuluka ka ti electron, leswi endlaka leswaku yi onhaka hi ku tirha ka electrochemical, ku nga xivumbeko lexikulu xa ku bola.
Ku onhaka loku tolovelekeke ka acid-base salt solution, ku bola ka xibakabaka, ku bola ka misava, ku bola ka mati ya lwandle, ku bola ka microbial, ku bola ka pitting na ku bola ka crevice ya nsimbi leyi nga riki na swilo swo bola, na swin’wana, hinkwaswo i ku bola ka electrochemical. Electrochemical corrosion ayi humeleli ntsena exikarhi ka swilo swimbirhi leswinga tlanga xiave xa ti khemikhali, kambe yitlhela yi humesa ku hambana ka potential hikokwalaho ka ku hambana ka concentration ya solution, ku hambana ka concentration ya oxygen leyi rhendzeleke, ku hambana nyana eka xivumbeko xa substance, na swin’wana, naswona yikuma matimba ya corrosion, leswaku nsimbi leyingana potential yale hansi xikan’we na xiyimo xa dry sun plate swa lahleka.
Nhlayo ya ku bola ka valve
Mpimo wa ku bola wu nga avanyisiwa hi tigiredi ta tsevu:
(1) Yi kondzelela ku bola hi ku helela: mpimo wa ku bola wu le hansi ka 0.001 mm/lembe
(2) Yi kondzelela ku bola swinene: mpimo wa ku bola 0.001 ku ya eka 0.01 mm/lembe
(3) Ku lwisana na ku bola: mpimo wa ku bola 0.01 ku ya eka 0.1 mm/lembe
(4) Ya ha tsandzeka ku bola: mpimo wa ku bola 0.1 ku ya eka 1.0 mm/lembe
(5) Ku tsandzeka ku lwisana na ku bola: mpimo wa ku bola 1.0 ku ya eka 10 mm/lembe
(6) A yi rhurhumeli: mpimo wa ku bola wu tlula 10 mm/lembe
Magoza ya nhungu yo lwisana na ku bola
1. Hlawula switirhisiwa leswinga onhiki kuya hi xitirhisiwa xo bola
Eka vuhumelerisi bya xiviri, ku bola ka medium swi rharhanganile swinene, hambi loko valve material leyi tirhisiwaka eka medium yin’we yifana, nhlayo, mahiselo na ntshikelelo wa medium swihambanile, naswona corrosion ya medium kuya eka material ayi fani. Eka ku tlakuka kun’wana na kun’wana ka 10°C eka mahiselo yale xikarhi, nhlayo ya corrosion yi tlakuka hi kwalomu ka 1~3 wa minkarhi.
Nhlayo yale xikarhi yina nkucetelo lowukulu eka ku bola ka swilo swa valve, kufana na lead leyinga eka sulfuric acid leyingana nhlayo leyintsongo, ku bola i kutsongo swinene, naswona loko nhlayo yi tlula 96%, ku bola yi tlakuka swinene. Carbon steel, kuhambana na sweswo, yina ku bola lokukulu swinene loko nhlayo ya sulphuric acid yiri kwalomu ka 50%, naswona loko nhlayo ya yona yi tlakuka kuya kutlula 60%, ku bola kuhunguteka swinene. Xikombiso, aluminium yi onha swinene eka nitric acid leyi hlanganisiweke leyingana nhlayo yo tlula 80%, kambe yi onha swinene eka nhlayo yale xikarhi nale hansi ya nitric acid, naswona stainless steel yikota swinene na dilute nitric acid, kambe yi nyanyisiwa eka kutlula 95% wa nitric acid leyi hlanganisiweke.
Kusuka eka swikombiso leswinga laha henhla, swinga voniwa leswaku ku hlawuriwa lokunene ka switirhisiwa swa valve swifanele ku seketeriwa eka xiyimo xokarhi, ku xopaxopa swilo swohambana hambana leswi khumbhaka ku bola, naku hlawula switirhisiwa kuya hi tibuku leti faneleke ta anti-corrosion.
2. Tirhisa swilo leswi nga riki swa nsimbi
Ku lwisana na ku bola loku nga riki ka nsimbi i ka kahle swinene, ntsena loko mahiselo na ntshikelelo wa valve swi fikelela swilaveko swa switirhisiwa leswi nga riki swa nsimbi, a swi nge tlhantlhi ntsena xiphiqo xa ku bola, kambe swi tlhela swi hlayisa tinsimbi ta risima. Miri wa valve, bonnet, lining, sealing surface na swin’wana leswi tirhisiwaka ngopfu leswinga riki swa nsimbi swa endliwa.
Tipulasitiki tofana na PTFE na chlorinated polyether, xikan’we na rhaba ya ntumbuluko, neoprene, nitrile rubber na rhaba yin’wana switirhisiwa eka valve lining, naswona miri lowukulu wa valve body bonnet wu endliwe hi cast iron na carbon steel. A swi tiyisisi ntsena matimba ya valve, kambe switlhela switiyisisa leswaku valve ayi rhurhumeli.
Sweswi, ku tirhisiwa tipulasitiki totala tofana na nylon na PTFE, naswona rhaba ya ntumbuluko na rhaba yo endliwa ya tirhisiwa ku endla swiphemu swohambana hambana swo pfalela na swirhendzevutani swo pfalela, leswi tirhisiwaka eka ti valve to hambana hambana. Switirhisiwa leswi leswinga riki swa nsimbi leswi tirhisiwaka tani hi swiphemu swo pfalela aswina ntsena ku tiya ka kahle eka ku bola, kambe switlhela swiva na matirhelo ya kahle yo pfalela, leswi lulameleke ngopfu kutirhisiwa eka swihangalasamahungu leswingana swiphemuphemu. I ntiyiso leswaku a ti tiyi ngopfu naswona a ti hisi naswona ku tirhisiwa ka tona a ti ringaniseriwile.
3. Ku tshungula vuandlalo bya nsimbi
(1) Ku hlanganisiwa ka valve: Xikhovha lexi hlanganisaka valve xi tala ku endliwa hi galvanizing, chrome plating, na oxidation (blue) ku antswisa vuswikoti byo lwisana na ku bola ka xibakabaka na le xikarhi. Ku engetela eka maendlelo lawa ya boxiweke laha henhla, swihlanganisi swin’wana switlhela switshunguriwa hi switirhisiwa swale henhla swofana na phosphating kuya hi xiyimo.
(2) Ku pfalela ehenhla na swiphemu leswi pfalekeke leswi nga na dyayimeta leyintsongo: maendlelo ya le henhla yo fana na nitriding na boronizing ya tirhisiwa ku antswisa ku tiya ka yona ka ku bola na ku tiya ka ku onhaka.
(3) Stem anti-corrosion: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating na maendlelo yan’wana ya vutshunguri bya le henhla ya tirhisiwa ngopfu ku antswisa ku tiya ka yona ka corrosion, ku lwisana na corrosion na ku lwisana na abrasion.
Vutshunguri byohambana hambana byale henhla byifanele kuva byi lulamerile eka switirhisiwa swohambana hambana swa nsinya na tindzhawu to tirhela eka tona, eka xibakabaka, water vapor medium na asbestos packing contact stem, swinga tirhisa hard chrome plating, gas nitriding process (stainless steel ayi fanelanga ku tirhisa ion nitriding process): eka ndzhawu ya hydrogen sulfide atmospheric hiku tirhisa electroplating high phosphorus nickel coating yina matirhelo yo antswa yo sirhelela; 38CrMOAIA yinga tlhela yiva na corrosion-resistant hiku tirhisa ion na gas nitriding, kambe hard chrome coating ayi ringanelanga kutirhisiwa; 2Cr13 yinga lwisana na ku bola ka ammonia endzhaku ko tima naku titimela, naswona nsimbi ya khaboni leyi tirhisaka gas nitriding yinga tlhela yi lwisana na ku bola ka ammonia, kasi ti layers hinkwato ta phosphorus-nickel plating ati lwisana na ku bola ka ammonia, naswona xitirhisiwa xa gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA xina ku tiya ka kahle swinene ka ku bola na matirhelo yo angarhela, naswona yitirhisiwa ngopfu ku endla swirhabyani swa valve.
(4) Miri wa valve ya xiyimo lexitsongo ni vhilwa ra voko: Nakambe hakanyingi yi cheriwa chrome leswaku yi antswisa ku tiya ka yona ni ku khavisa valve.
4. Ku fafazela hi ku hisa
Ku fafazela hi mahiselo i muxaka wa maendlelo ya maendlelo yo lulamisa swifunengeto, naswona swi hundzuke yin’wana ya thekinoloji leyintshwa ya nsirhelelo wa le henhla ka swilo. I ndlela ya maendlelo yo tiyisisa ehenhla leyi tirhisaka swihlovo swa ku hisa swa energy density yale henhla (gas combustion flame, electric arc, plasma arc, electric heating, gas explosion, etc.) ku hisa naku n’okisa switirhisiwa swa nsimbi kumbe leswinga riki swa nsimbi, naku swi fafazela eka ndzhawu ya xisekelo leyi tshunguriweke khale hi xivumbeko xa atomization kuva yi endla xifunengeto xo fafazela, kutani yi hisa vuandlalo bya xisekelo hi nkarhi wun’we, leswaku xifunengeto xitlhela xi n’oka ehenhla ka vuandlalo bya substrate kuva yi endla endlelo ro tiyisisa ehenhla ka spray welding layer.
Tinsimbi totala xikan’we na ti alloys ta tona, ti metal oxide ceramics, ti cermet composites xikan’we na ti hard metal compounds tinga cheriwa eka ti substrates ta nsimbi kumbe letinga riki ta nsimbi hi ndlela yin’we kumbe yotala ya thermal spraying, leswinga antswisaka ku tiya ka surface corrosion, ku lwisana na ku onhaka, ku tiya ka mahiselo yale henhla na swin’wana, naku lehisa vutomi bya ntirho. Ku fafazela hi ku hisa ku funengetiwa ko hlawuleka loku tirhaka, loku nga ni ku pfalela ku hisa, ku pfalela (kumbe gezi leri nga tolovelekangiki), ku pfariwa loku silakaka, ku ti tola, ku hisa ka miseve, ku sirhelela ka electromagnetic ni swin’wana swo hlawuleka, ku tirhisiwa ka ku fafazela hi ku hisa swi nga lunghisa swiphemu.
5. Fafazela pende
Ku peta i ndlela leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu yo lwisana na ku bola, naswona i nchumu lowu nga lavekiki wo lwisana na ku bola na mfungho wo tiveka eka switirhisiwa swa valve. Ku peta nakambe i nchumu lowu nga riki wa nsimbi, lowu hi ntolovelo wu endliwaka hi synthetic resin, rubber slurry, mafurha ya swimilani, solvent, na swin’wana, ku funengeta vuandlalo bya nsimbi, ku hambanyisa medium na xibakabaka, na ku fikelela xikongomelo xa anti-corrosion.
Swifunengeto switirhisiwa ngopfu eka mati, mati ya munyu, mati ya lwandle, xibakabaka na tindzhawu tin’wana letinga bola ngopfu. Ndzhawu yale ndzeni ya valve yitala ku pendiwa hi pende ya anticorrosive ku sivela mati, moya na swin’wana swa switirhisiwa kuva swinga rhurhumeli valve
6. Engeta swisivela-ku onhaka
Ndlela leyi ti corrosion inhibitors ti lawulaka corrosion ha yona hileswaku yi hlohletela polarization ya betri. Ti corrosion inhibitors titirhisiwa ngopfu eka ti media nati fillers. Ku engeteriwa ka ti corrosion inhibitors eka medium swinga hunguta ku bola ka switirhisiwa na ti valve, kufana na chromium-nickel stainless steel eka oxygen-free sulfuric acid, solubility range leyikulu kuya eka xiyimo xo hisa, corrosion swibihile swinene, kambe ku engeteriwa ka nhlayo yintsongo ya copper sulfate kumbe nitric acid na swin’wana swa oxidants, swinga endla leswaku stainless steel yi hundzuka xiyimo xa blunt, vuandlalo bya xisirhelelo film ku sivela ku khuluka ka medium, eka hydrochloric acid, loko ku cheriwa nhlayo yintsongo ya oxidant, ku bola ka titanium kunga hungutiwa.
Valve pressure test yitala kutirhisiwa tani hi xitirhisiwa xa pressure test, leswi olovaka kuva swivanga corrosion yavalve, naswona ku chela mpimo wutsongo wa sodium nitrite ematini swi nga sivela ku bola ka valve hi mati. Ku pakiwa ka asbestos swina chloride, leyi thyaka nsinya wa valve swinene, naswona nhlayo ya chloride yinga hungutiwa loko ndlela yo hlamba hi mati yo titimela yi amukeriwile, kambe ndlela leyi ya tika swinene ku yi tirhisa, naswona ayi nge endliwi ndhuma hiku angarhela, naswona yi lulamerile ntsena eka swilaveko swo hlawuleka.
Ku endlela ku sirhelela nsinya wa valve naku sivela ku bola ka nsinya wa asbestos, eka ku pakiwa ka asbestos, xisivela ku bola na nsimbi ya magandzelo swi cheriwa eka nsinya wa valve, xisivela ku bola xi vumbiwa hi sodium nitrite na sodium chromate, leswinga humesaka filimi ya passivation ehenhla ka nsinya wa valve xikan’we naku antswisa ku tiya ka ku bola ka nsinya wa valve, naswona solvent yinga endla ku bola ka nsinya wa valve inhibitor yi n’oka hakatsongo-tsongo naswona yi tlanga xiphemu xo tola; Entiyisweni, zinc yitlhela yiva xisivela ku bola, lexi xinga rhanga xi hlangana na chloride eka asbestos, leswaku chloride na nkarhi wa ku khumbana ka nsimbi ya nsinya wuhunguteka swinene, leswaku kuta fikeleriwa xikongomelo xa anti-corrosion.
7. Nsirhelelo wa tikhemikhali ta gezi
Kuna tinxaka timbirhi ta nsirhelelo wa electrochemical: nsirhelelo wa anodic na nsirhelelo wa cathodic. Loko zinc yitirhisiwa ku sirhelela iron, zinc ya rhurhumela, zinc yivuriwa nsimbi ya magandzelo, eka maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi, nsirhelelo wa anode awu tirhisiwa ngopfu, nsirhelelo wa cathodic wutirhisiwa ngopfu. Ndlela leyi ya nsirhelelo wa cathodic yitirhisiwa eka ti valve letikulu nati valve ta nkoka, leyi kunga ndlela yo hunguta mali, yo olova naswona yitirhaka, naswona zinc yi cheriwa eka asbestos packing kuva yi sirhelela nsinya wa valve.
8. Lawula mbango lowu onhaka
Leswi vuriwaka ndzhawu yina tinxaka timbirhi ta broad sense na narrow sense, broad sense ya mbango yivula mbango lowu rhendzeleke ndzhawu yo veka valve xikan’we na ndzhawu ya yona yo rhendzeleka yale ndzeni, naswona narrow sense ya mbango yivula swiyimo leswi rhendzeleke ndzhawu yo veka valve.
Tindzhawu totala ati lawuriwi, naswona maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi yanga cinciwa hiku tihlawulela. Ntsena eka xiyimo xa leswaku kungari na ku onhaka eka xiendliwa na maendlelo, ndlela yo lawula mbango yinga amukeriwa, kufana na deoxygenation ya mati ya boiler, ku engeteriwa ka alkali eka maendlelo yo basisa oyili kuva ku lulamisiwa nhlayo ya PH, etc. Kusuka eka mavonelo lawa, ku engeteriwa ka swisivela ku bola na nsirhelelo wa electrochemical leswi boxiweke laha henhla na swona i ndlela yo lawula mbango lowu onhaka.
Xibakabaka xitele hi ritshuri, mpfula ya mati na musi, ngopfu ngopfu eka ndzhawu ya vuhumelerisi, kufana na smoke brine, ti gasi ta chefu na powder ya kahle leyi humesiwaka hi switirhisiwa, leswinga ta vanga ti degree to hambana hambana ta corrosion eka valve. Mufambisi u fanele ku tshamela ku basisa no basisa valve na ku chela mafurha nkarhi na nkarhi ku ya hi swiletelo swa maendlelo ya ntirho, leswi nga goza leri tirhaka ku lawula ku bola ka mbango. Ku veka xifunengeto xo sirhelela eka nsinya wa valve, ku veka xihlovo xa misava eka valve ya misava, na ku fafazela pende ehenhla ka valve hinkwaswo i tindlela to sivela swilo leswi bolaka ku tshoveka kavalve.
Ku tlakuka ka mahiselo ya ndzhawu na ku thyakisa moya, ngopfu ngopfu eka switirhisiwa na ti valve eka ndzhawu leyi pfalekeke, swita hatlisisa ku bola ka swona, naswona ti workshop leti pfulekeke kumbe magoza yo nghenisa moya na ku kufumela yafanele kutirhisiwa hilaha swinga kotekaka hakona ku hunguta ku bola ka mbango.
9. Ku antswisa thekinoloji yo lulamisa na xivumbeko xa valve
Nsirhelelo wa anti-corrosion wavalvei xiphiqo lexi langutisiweke ku sukela eku sunguleni ka dizayini, naswona xiendliwa xa valve lexi nga na dizayini ya xivumbeko lexi twalaka na ndlela leyinene ya phurosese handle ko kanakana xi ta va na mbuyelo lowunene eka ku hunguta ku bola ka valve. Hikokwalaho, ndzawulo ya dizayini na vumaki yifanele ku antswisa swiphemu leswinga ringaneleke eka dizayini ya xivumbeko, leswinga lulamangiki eka maendlelo ya maendlelo naswona swi olovaka kuva swivanga ku bola, leswaku swita fambisana na swilaveko swa swiyimo swohambana hambana swa ntirho.
Nkarhi wa poso: Jan-22-2025
