Nkatsakanyo
Valvei xitirhisiwa xa nkoka eka michini yo angarhela. Yi vekiwa eka tiphayiphi to hambana hambana kumbe switirhisiwa ku lawula ku khuluka ka medium hiku cinca ndzhawu ya channel eka valve. Mintirho ya yona i: ku hlanganisa kumbe ku tsema xitirhisiwa xa le xikarhi, ku sivela xitirhisiwa ku khulukela endzhaku, ku lulamisa ti parameter to fana na ntshikelelo wa le xikarhi na ku khuluka, ku cinca ndlela yo khuluka ya xitirhisiwa, ku avanyisa xitirhisiwa kumbe ku sirhelela tiphayiphi na switirhisiwa eka ntshikelelo wo tlula mpimo, na swin’wana.
Kuna tinxaka totala ta switirhisiwa swa valve, leswi avanyisiweke hivalve ya gede, valve ya globe, .valve yo kambela, valve ya bolo, .valve ya phaphatani, valve ya plug, valve ya diaphragm, valve ya vuhlayiseki, valve yo lawula (valve yo lawula), valve ya throttle, valve yo hunguta ntshikelelo na Traps, na swin’wana; Hikuya hi swilo leswi, yi avanyisiwile hi copper alloy, cast iron, carbon steel, alloy steel, austenitic steel, ferritic-austenitic dual-phase steel, nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy, tipulasitiki ta vunjhiniyara na ti ceramic valves, etc. Ku engetela kwalaho, kuna ti valve to hlawuleka tofana na ultra-high pressure valves, vacuum valves, power station valves, valves for tiphayiphi na tiphayiphi, tivalvu ta indasitiri ya nyutliya, tivalvu ta swikepe na tivalvu ta cryogenic. Ku anama ka ti parameter ta valve, vukulu bya vito kusuka eka DN1 (unit in mm) kuya eka DN9750; ntshikelelo wa vito kusuka eka ultra-vacuum ya 1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kuya eka ntshikelelo wale henhla swinene wa PN14600 (yuniti ya 105 Pa); Mahiselo ya ntirho ya sukela eka mahiselo yale hansi swinene ya -269°Cku ya eka mahiselo ya le henhla swinene ya 1200°C.
Switirhisiwa swa valve swi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka swiyenge swo hambana swa ikhonomi ya rixaka, ku fana na oyili, gasi ya ntumbuluko, oyili na gasi yo basisa na ku lulamisa na tisisiteme ta vutleketli bya tiphayiphi, swikumiwa swa tikhemikhali, tisisiteme ta vuhumelerisi bya mirhi na swakudya, gezi ra mati, gezi ro hisa na tisisiteme ta vuhumelerisi bya matimba ya nyutliya; Tinxaka tohambana hambana ta ti valve titirhisiwa ngopfu eka maendlelo yo kufumeta na mphakelo wa gezi, maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi bya tinsimbi, tisisiteme ta mati ya swikepe, mimovha, swihahampfhuka na michini yohambana hambana ya mintlangu, na maendlelo yo cheleta na ku humesa mati eka misava ya mapurasi. Ku engetela kwalaho, eka swiyenge swa thekinoloji leyintshwa yo fana na vusirheleri na swa swihahampfhuka, ti valve to hambana hambana leti nga na swivumbeko swo hlawuleka na tona ta tirhisiwa.
Switirhisiwa swa ti valve swi endla xiphemu lexikulu xa switirhisiwa swa michini. Kuya hi tinhlayo ta matiko yale handle lawa ya hluvukeke, ntsengo wa vuhumelerisi bya ti valve wu endla kwalomu ka 5% wa nkoka wa vuhumelerisi bya indasitiri hinkwayo ya michini. Hi ku ya hi tinhlayo, xitichi xa ndhavuko xa gezi ra nyutliya lexi vumbiweke hi tiyuniti ta timiliyoni timbirhi ta tikhilowatt xi ni kwalomu ka 28 000 wa tivalvu leti avelaniwa, laha kwalomu ka 12 000 wa tona ku nga tivalvu ta swihlala swa nyutliya. Xivumbeko xa manguva lawa xa tikhemikhali ta petroliyamu lexikulu xi lava madzana ya magidi ya ti valve to hambana hambana, naswona vuvekisi eka ti valve hi ntolovelo byi endla 8% kuya eka 10% wa vuvekisi hinkwabyo eka switirhisiwa.
Xiyimo xo angarhela xa indasitiri ya tivalvu eChayina ya khale
01 Ndhawu leyi bindzu ra ti-valve ra le China ri velekiweke eka yona: Shanghai
Le Chayina ra khale, Shanghai a ku ri ndhawu yo sungula yo endla tivalvu eChayina. Hi 1902, Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, leyi kumekaka egondzweni ra Wuchang, eXifundzheni xa Hongkou, eShanghai, yi sungule ku endla swiphemu leswitsongo swa tifaucet ta swibya swa tiya hi mavoko. Faucet ya teapot i muxaka wa mbolo ya koporo leyi hoxiweke. I muendli wosungula wa ti valve e China loyi a tivekaka kufikela sweswi. Hi 1919, Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (leyi nga rhangela Shanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yisungule kusuka eka xikanyakanya lexintsongo naswona yisungule ku humelerisa ti cocks ta copper ta diameter leyintsongo, ti globe valves, ti gate valves na ti fire hydrants. Ku endliwa ka ti valve ta cast iron swisungule hi 1926, laha kungana vukulu bya nominal size ya NPS6 (hi ti inches, NPS1 = DN25.4). Hi nkarhi lowu, tifektri ta hardware tofana na Wang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao na Maoxu na tona ti pfulekile kuva ti endla ti valve. Endzhaku ka sweswo, hikokwalaho ka ku tlakuka ka xilaveko xa ti plumbing valves emakete, ntlawa wun’wana wa tifektri ta hardware, tifektri ta nsimbi, tifektri ta sand foundry (casting) na tifektri ta michini swi pfuriwile ku endla ti valve hi ku landzelelana.
Ntlawa wa vumaki bya ti valve wu vumbiwile eka tindzhawu ta Zhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road na Changzhi Road eXifundzheni xa Hongkou, Shanghai. Hi nkarhi walowo, swikoweto leswi xavisiwaka ngopfu eka makete wa laha kaya akuri “Horse Head”, “Three 8′′, “Three 9′′, “Double Coin”, “Iron Anchor”, “Chicken Ball” na “Eagle Ball”. Switirhisiwa swa cast copper na cast iron valve swa ntshikelelo wale hansi switirhisiwa ngopfu eka ti plumbing valves eka switirhisiwa swo aka na swa vuhlayiseki, naswona nhlayo yintsongo ya ti cast iron valves yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka sekithara ya indasitiri ya swiambalo swo olova. Tifektri leti i titsongo swinene hi xikalo, tina thekinoloji yale ndzhaku, switirhisiwa swo olova swa swimilani xikan’we na vuhumelerisi byale hansi bya ti valve, kambe hi tona ndzhawu yosungula yaku velekiwa ka indasitiri ya ti valve ya China. Endzhakunyana, endzhaku ka ku simekiwa ka Nhlangano wa Switirhisiwa swo Aka eShanghai, vaendli lava va tivalvu va joyine nhlangano lowu hi ku landzelelana naswona va ve ntlawa wa tindlela ta mati. xirho.
02Tifeme timbirhi letikulu to endla tivalvu
Eku sunguleni ka 1930, Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yi endle ti valve ta gede ya nsimbi leyi hoxiweke ya ntshikelelo wa le hansi ehansi ka NPS12 eka mintirho ya mati. Hi 1935, fektri yi simeke bindzu ro hlanganela na Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory na Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd≈3.33m) lathes na switirhisiwa swo tlakusa, ngopfu-ngopfu ku humelerisa switirhisiwa swa tiindasitiri na migodi, tiphayiphi ta mati ta nsimbi leyi hoxiweke na tivalvu ta nsimbi leyi hoxiweke, vukulu bya vito bya valve i NPS6 ~ NPS18, naswona Yi nga dizayina no phakela tisethi leti heleleke ta tivalvu ta swimilani swa mati, naswona swikumiwa swi rhumeriwa eNanjing, Hangzhou na Beijing. Endzhaku ka loko vahlaseri va le Japani va “August 13′′ va teke Shanghai hi 1937, vunyingi bya xitirhisiwa ni switirhisiwa leswi a swi ri efemeni swi onhiwile hi ndzilo wa swibamu swa le Japani.Lembe leri landzeleke ri engetele mali-nkulu ivi va tlhela va sungula ntirho NPS14 ~ NPS36 cast iron gate valves, kambe hikwalaho ka ku wa ka ikhonomi, bindzu leri nga lolohaka, ni ku hungutiwa ka vatirhi hi ku hunguta mali, a va swi kotanga ku vuyisa ku fikela emahlweni ka ku simekiwa ka New China.
Hi 1935, vini va maxavelo va ntlhanu ku katsa na Li Chenghai, n’wamabindzu wa tiko, hi ku hlanganyela va simeke Feme ya Nsimbi ya Shenyang Chengfa (leyi nga rhangela Feme ya Tieling Valve) egondzweni ra Shishiwei, eXifundzheni xa Nancheng, eDorobeni ra Shenyang. Ku lunghisa na ku endla ti valve. Hi 1939, fektri leyi yi rhurhiseriwe egondzweni ra Beierma, eXifundzheni xa Tiexi leswaku yi ndlandlamuxiwa, naswona ku akiwe tindhawu timbirhi letikulu to tirhela eka tona to hoxa swilo ni ku endla michini. Hi 1945, ayiri na vatirhi va 400, naswona switirhisiwa swa yona leswikulu akuri: ti boilers letikulu, ti valve ta koporo leyi hoxiweke, na ti valve ta gede ya nsimbi leyi hoxiweke ehansi ka misava letingana vukulu lebyintsongo ehansi ka DN800. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory i muendli wa ti valve loyi a lwelaka ku hanya eChina ya khale.
03Indasitiri ya ti valve endzhaku
Hi nkarhi wa Nyimpi yo Lwisana ni Majapani, mabindzu yo tala eShanghai ni le tindhawini tin’wana ma rhurhele edzonga-vupela-dyambu, hikwalaho nhlayo ya mabindzu ya le Chongqing ni le tindhawini tin’wana endhawini ya le ndzhaku yi tlakuke swinene, naswona bindzu leri ri sungule ku hluvuka. Hi 1943, Feme ya Michini ya Chongqing Hongtai na Feme ya Michini ya Huachang (tifektri leti hatimbirhi a ti ri leti rhangeleke Feme ya Valve ya Chongqing) ti sungule ku lunghisa ni ku endla swiphemu swa tiphayiphi ta mati ni tivalvu ta ntshikelelo wa le hansi, leswi hoxeke xandla swinene eku hluvukiseni ka vuhumelerisi bya nkarhi wa nyimpi endzhaku ni ku tlhantlha tivalvu ta vaaki. Endzhaku ka ku hlula ka Nyimpi yo Lwisana na Majapani, Feme ya Switirhisiwa swa Lisheng, Sosayiti ya Tiindasitiri ya Zhenxing, Feme ya Switirhisiwa swa Jinshunhe na Feme ya Switirhisiwa swa Qiyi swi pfuriwile hi ku landzelelana ku humesa tivalvu letitsongo. Endzhaku ka ku simekiwa ka New China, tifektri leti ti hlanganisiwe ti va Chongqing Valve Factory.
Hi nkarhi wolowo, van’wanavaendli va tivalvueShanghai u tlhele a ya eTianjin, Nanjing na Wuxi ku ya aka tifektri to lunghisa na ku endla ti valve. Tifektri tin’wana ta tihardware, tifektri ta tiphayiphi ta nsimbi, tifektri ta michini kumbe tindhawu to endla swikepe eBeijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou na Guangzhou na tona ti nghenelerile eku lunghiseni ni ku endla tivalvu tin’wana ta tiphayiphi ta mati.
Nkarhi wa poso: Jul-21-2022
